After surviving artwork

Aristotle

384–322 BCE

PhilosophyLogicScienceAncient Greek

Plato's student, tutor to Alexander, and the first systematic investigator of nearly every subject he touched.

After surviving artwork. After Roman copies of a Greek original.

Why they still matter

He invented formal logic and the practice of dividing knowledge into disciplines.

Taught at the Lyceum in Athens while Macedon reshaped the Greek world.

Nicomachean Ethicsc. 340 BCERead it here

Aristotle's inquiry into what a good human life consists of, and how character is formed by habit.

Politicsc. 335 BCERead it here

How communities are organised, and what forms of rule serve human flourishing.

Reality
What is actually there behind appearances?
The good life
How should a person live, given that they will die?
Happiness as activity, not feeling.
Political philosophy
Who should rule, and why would anyone accept it?

Each link says what kind of link it is. A documented influence and a much later echo are not the same claim, and are never presented as one.

PlatoDocumented influence
Trained by Plato; his metaphysics is a sustained reply.
One demonstrably read, studied under or answered the other.
EuclidConceptual kinship
Aristotle's account of demonstration and Euclid's proofs describe the same standard.
Different arguments arriving at a similar shape.

Ponderers is the historical layer. A rabbit hole brings the same question into what people are arguing about now.